Military Spending And Cost Analysis Essay Research free essay sample

Military Spending And Cost Analysis Essay, Research Paper Presentation: Waste IN THE PENTAGONS BUDGETMany in Congress and the Department of Defense ( DoD ) contend that there is non a penny to spare in the Pentagons spending plan and that the military is directly on the fringe of holding inadequate ability to run into the security dangers to this state. There are numerous costly and unneeded arms frameworks started to fight the Cold War that delay because of bureaucratism at an expense of one million a great many dollars yearly to Americans. In add-on to these uneconomical buys, a reappraisal of the current military spending shows solid waste in different nations, including: # 183 ; Corporate sponsorships to barrier temporary workers of about $ 10 billion yearly. # 183 ; An antediluvian and not well managed bookkeeping framework following in 10s of one million a huge number of additional buys, additional stock records, and unneeded payment by the DoD. # 183 ; Undertakings embedded into the protection spending plan by lawgivers reason on get ting re-appointment from specific association lobbyists. Portion taken from hypertext move convention:/www.fas.orgUS Military SpendingOver the last decennary, our guard financial plan has only diminished to a third of what it was during the Cold War. During the height of the Cold War our barrier financial plan was over $ 400 billion yearly in current dollars. Our present Budget for FY 2000 is simply a minor $ 290.6 billion. Last hebdomad the Joint Chiefs had endeavored to do damagess with congressional pioneers sing the DoD financial plan, saying that our readiness has been brought to that of pre-World War II age. Exposition: As the twenty-first century starts the United States faces an uncertain security condition. The danger of planetary war stays far off with the destruction of the Soviet Union, and a terminal to Communism in Eastern Europe. The U.S. monetary framework keeps on blasting, associations with cardinal Alliess, for example, NATO companions, Japan, South Korea, and others are solid and go oning to suit effectively to run into today s challenges. Previous enemies like Russia and other previous individuals from the Warsaw Pact, presently help out the United States over an extent of security issues. Numerous known to mankind consider the To be States as a Global Police Force. This is clear in our proceeded with nearness in such problem areas as the Demilitarized Zone encompassing North and South Korea, the absolutely upheld No-Fly Zones in Iraq, and our proceeded with harmony keeping up endeavors in the Balkans.Current Security ChallengesDespite these improvements in the worldwide condition, the universe is as yet an unpredictable and hazardous topographic point. While there is extraordinary uncertainness about how the United States will defy significant security challenges in the coming mature ages. It tends to be noticed that there is not, at this point the dismay of attack from any significant World force. Our essential concern currently is the danger of an attack from any figure of maverick states, exp resses that may non hold the work power, or military to take a completely fledged assault on the United States. A portion of the sorts of dangers that despite everything undermine universe harmony are depicted inside the accompanying not many pages.Cross Border ConflictsSome states will proceed to imperil the regional sway of different states in parts basic to our national associations. In Iraq, Saddam Hussein keeps on introducing a danger to his neighbors and to the free progression of oil from the part. North Korea despite everything represents an amazingly unusual hazard in malevolence of its urgent monetary and human-focused conditions. Different regions could be assailants as acceptable. In East Asia, for delineation, sway issues and a few regional contrasts stay potential beginnings of battle. Numerous instances of cross limit line animosity will be little in graduated table, in the coming mature ages it is completely conceivable that more than one provincial force will hold b oth the thought process and the organizations to introduce a military danger to U.S. interests.Conflict Within a NationPolitical power other than cross limit line power can other than jeopardize U.S. associations. This incorporates common wars, inward hostility ( for example by a region against its ain individuals or by one social gathering against another. For example, the et hnic purging welcomed on by Slobodan Milosevic ) furnished uprisings, and common irritations. These occasions can jeopardize U.S. inclusions since they may disperse past the people in question, passing on intervention by outside forces, influence U.S. financial inclusions, or put at danger the wellbeing and great being of American residents in the part. In any event, when of import U.S. contributions, for example, oil, or the security of American Citizens in the part are non undermined, the United States has a human-focused inclusion in ensuring the wellbeing, great being, and opportunity of the individuals influenced. This is one of our essential reason for moving as the head peacekeeping power in the Balkans. Risky Military TechnologiesThe improvement, industry and use of cutting edge arms and engineerings with military or fear monger usages, including nuclear, compound, or natural arms ( NBC ) and their organizations of arrangement will go on regardless of the best endeavors of the worldwide network to hold such cases. The business and utilization of these arms and engineerings could straight imperil the United States, destabilize different pieces of national contribution, and increment the figure of potential foes with significant military capablenesss, including littler areas and gatherings threatening to the United States and our Alliess. The expanding spread of military engineerings other than raises the intensity for countermeasures to U.S. capablenesss, as foes could attempt to use these arms and engineerings to destabilize or current overwhelming military capability.What is of exceptional concern is the turning hazard of a ballistic rocket assault on the United States. The threat of rocket attack, which was one time thought to be inaccessible, is turning essentially as maverick states, for example, North Korea and Iran try to create and trade long extension ballistic rocket capablenesss. Despite the fact that the figure of ballistic rockets of such states fit for making U.S. earth is acceptable under the 10s of 1000s that the Soviet Union had at the stature of the virus war, the threat of only one creation the United States is still at that place. Moreover, the chance of an unapproved or unintentional dispatch from Russia or the Peoples Republic of China stays an existent concern ; it has gotten overpoweringly more outlandish. Worldwide ThreatsThe enormous extent of states or people that can affect U.S. what's more, planetary security and the stableness will presumably turn in its ability and figure. Progressively able and vicious fear based oppressors, Osama Bin Laden for outline, have straight undermined the lives of American residents and their foundation s and will try to attack U.S. strategies and confederations. Psychological militant surges, for example, the bombardments of the U.S. International safe havens in East Africa or the Trade Center besieging in New York will be coordinated non only against U.S. residents and Alliess abroad however alongside against U.S. area. The offices utilized by fear mongers could incorporate traditional attacks, data fighting, or even NBC arms. These assaults should be possible freely or with the reinforcement of their good state ( perchance in light of traditional battle with the United States somewhere else known to mankind ) and will be logically complex in publicity, and political activities. Unlawful medication exchange, buccaneering, global composed offense and exercises planned for denying U.S. course to essential vitality supplies and cardinal vital assets will capacity to disrupt the authenticity of agreeable authoritiess. This may other than intrude on cardinal parts crucial to national inclusion, ocean paths, exchange ways, and jeopardize the wellbeing and great being of U.S. residents at spot and abroad.Humanitarian ReliefHumanitarian emergencies can other than sway U.S. associations and has been basic in the help of our military. Fizzled authoritiess, immersions, lacks, typhoons, and different disasters will proceed to occur, now and again requiring the alone capablenesss of U.S. military powers and those of the United Nations to gracefully stableness, disaster lightening, and different signifiers of exigency help.

Mba Syllabus Essay Example

Mba Syllabus Essay Greatest Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 4| 0| Learning Outcomes: * On finishing of the schedules, the understudy will comprehend the essential Principles of Management and their application in advanced business at various layers of association in order to see how to run an association easily and productively. * An inside and out information about working of an association. * Student will likewise get sharpened about new and contemporary advancements in the field of the board. UNIT-I Introduction to Management: Definition, Process, Functions of Management. Advancement of Management contemplations †Contribution of F. W. Taylor, Henry Fayol, Elton Mayo, and Hawthorne contemplates. Arranging: Planning Process, Types of Plans Organizination: Form of Organizination,Line, Lineamp; Staff amp; Functional Authority. Range of Control Business and its highlights. Kind of Business and Forms of Business Organization. UNIT-II Staffing: Recruitment, Selection, Induction, Placement and Training. Force and Authority: Delegation of Authority, Centralization and Decentralization of Authority, Difference among Power and Authority Dynamics of Motivation: Contribution of Maslow and Herzberg to the hypothesis of Motivation. Controlling: Types of control, Process, Requirement for Adequate control, Performance Appraisal :Need, Method of evaluation (Traditional and Modern ) Leadership and its Styles . UNIT-III Casual Groups and their significance in the present monetary situation Corporate Social Responsibility: Issues and Concerns Relevance of Creativity ,Innovation and Jugad in the new Economic System. Multifaceted administration amp; Enterpenureship. Idea of comprehensive Growth. Suggested TEXT BOOKS 1. Ghuman Karminder and K Aswathappa, Management Concepts, Practice and Cases, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2. Koontz, ODonnell, Weigh rich: Essentials of Management, Tata Mcgraw Hill , New Delhi. 3. We will compose a custom paper test on Mba Syllabus explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Mba Syllabus explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Mba Syllabus explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Stoner, Freeman, Gilbert Jr. : Management, Pearson instruction, New Delhi. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The schedule has been partitioned into three units. Paper setter will set 3 inquiries from every unit and 1 obligatory inquiry spread over the entire schedule comprising of 5 short answer questions. Obligatory inquiry will be set at number one. Up-and-comer will be required to endeavor 6 inquiries in all including necessary inquiry and choosing not multiple inquiries from every unit. All inquiries convey equivalent imprints. MBT 402: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Most extreme Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 4| 0| Learning Outcomes: On finishing of the schedule this seminar on Managerial Economics will give comprehension of: * Fundamental ideas and hypotheses of Economics and their application to the distinctive practical zones of business the executives and business dynamic for better yield direction and productivity. * It will give information about the ideas of versatility of interest, and economies of scale for business development. The information about the interest projection and value conduct will assist understudies with adopting a prudent forward business anticipating the purpose of security and development. Unit-I Traditional and Modern meanings of Managerial Economics dependent on the ideas of shortage and enhancement. Utilization of monetary ideas of the ideas of Cost, Opportunity Cost, Incremental Cost, Revenue and Profit. Essentials of Demand: Demand Function, Determinants, Law of Demand and its Exceptions, Change in Demand, Kinds of Demand and Network Externalities in Market Demand. Request Forecasting, Elasticity of Demand, Price Elasticity of Demand, Degrees, Determinants, Measures, Income Elasticity of Demand, and Cross Elasticity of Demand. Shopper Behavior:: Theory of Utility, Concept of Marginal Utility, Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility, Law of Equi-Marginal Utility and Indifference Curve Analysis: Properties, Budget Line, Determination of Consumer Equilibrium, Explanation and Measurement of Price Effect, Income Effect and Substitution Effect. Unit-II Creation Analysis: Production Frontier, Short run and Long run Production Function, Iso-quant Curves, Producer Equilibrium, Optimal Combination of Inputs and Economies of Scale. Hypothesis of Cost and Revenue Analysis: Cost and Revenue Concepts: Long Run and Short Run Cost Curves, Traditional and Modern Theory of Cost: Relationship between Total Revenue, Average Revenue and Marginal Revenue. Market Structure: Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly, Firms Goals: benefit augmentation, deal amplification, business development and positive attitude advancement. Unit-III Macro Economics: Concept of National Income, its Methods of Measurement, and Circular Flow of Income.. Old style Theory and Keynesian Theory of Employment: A near investigation of Classical and Keynesian Theory of Employment with respect to their Assumptions, Characteristics. Keynesian Tools Consumption, Saving speculation and Multiplier. Business Cycles Fiscal and Monetary Policies. Expansion: Concept, Causes and Theories of Inflation. Course books 1. Ahuja, H. L. Macroeconomics, Theory and Policy, S. Chand amp; Co. , New Delhi. 2 Chopra, P. N. (2010). Administrative Economics, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. 3 Dwivedi, D. N. , Managerial Economics, Vikas Publications, New Delhi. Reference Books 1. Peterson and Lewis, Managerial Economic, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 2. Salvatore, Dominick and Ravikesh Srivastava (2009). Administrative Economics: Principles and Worldwide Applications, pp. 1-13, Oxford Univ. Press, New Delhi. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The schedule has been partitioned into three units. Paper setter will set 3 inquiries from every unit and 1 necessary inquiry spread over the entire prospectus comprising of 5 short answer questions. Necessary inquiry will be set at number one. Applicant will be required to endeavor 6 inquiries in all including obligatory inquiry and choosing not multiple inquiries from every unit. All inquiries convey equivalent imprints. MBT 403: QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGERS Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 3| 2| 0| Learning Outcomes: On consummation of the prospectus, the understudies will have the option to: * Solve different numerical issues dependent on Compound premium, devaluation, annuity and so forth to be applied in business the executives. * Understand the idea of likelihood, change and blends, which will be useful to him in tackling different business related issues. * Learn numerical and measurable procedures that guide in the comprehension of monetary choices including premium, annuities, speculations and so forth. Unit: I Job of Mathematics and Statistics in Business Decisions: Compound intrigue, devaluation and annuities, Arithmetic Progression amp; Geometric Progression Matrices and Determinant: Concepts of Matrices, Type, Adjoint and converse of a Matrix: Concepts of Determinants, Solution of Simultaneous Linear Equations of two and three factors utilizing Matrix opposite Techniques and Cramer’s Rule, Business Applications. Unit: II Information about different factual methods like, Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode Measures of Dispersion: Range Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, and Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variance. Skewness amp; Kurtosis: Concept and Measures Correlation Analysis: Rank Method amp; Karl Pearsons Coefficient of Correlation Regression Analysis: Simple, Partial amp; Multiple relapse. Fitting of a Regression Line. Unit: III Permutation and Combination Hypothesis of Probability Binomial Distribution, Poisson dispersion and Normal circulation. List Numbers, Time Series Analysis, Decision Tree will empower an understudies to have a brief look at different factual strategies to be utilized with the end goal of dynamic and estimation of different factors. Reading material: 1. Gupta, Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand, New Delhi. 2. Levins amp; Krehbiel, Business Statistics, Pearson Berenson, Prentice Hall, India. 3. Levin amp; Rubin: Statistics for Management, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi. 4. Sancheti amp; Kapoor, Business Mathematics, Sultan Chand, New Delhi. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The prospectus has been separated into three units. Paper setter will set 3 inquiries from every unit and 1 obligatory inquiry spread over the entire schedule comprising of 5 short answer questions. Necessary inquiry will be put at number one. Competitor will be required to endeavor 6 inquiries in all including obligatory inquiry and choosing not multiple inquiries from every unit. All inquiries convey equivalent imprints. MBT 404: ACCOUNTING FOR MANAGERS Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 3| 2| 0| Learning Outcomes: On culmination of the schedule, the understudy will have: * Understanding of the fundamental Principles of Accounting, Accounting Standards, Reading and Analyzing Balance sheets and its application in cutting edge business * Knowledge of ideas those are useful in budgetary dynamic and so forth * Knowledge about new and contemporary improvements in Accounting. * Understanding of the use of bookkeeping essentials to business associations and different administrative procedures in an association. UNIT-I Concept of Book-Keeping and Accounting Fundamentals. GAAP and International Accounting Standards Financial Accounting: Fundamentals ideas and shows, idea of Double Entry System Journal ' Ledger and Trial Balance Trading amp; Profit Loss Account Balance Sheet UNIT-II Financial Statement Anal

Lets Talk About Research

Lets Talk About Research What is up, my dudes? Its the end of week 4 here on campus, and things are rolling. There was no slow build this semester; it hit like a truck. A lot of the reason my workload is huge this semester is because, on top of classes, I am studying for the GRE and writing the first draft of my research paper. As you can tell from the title, this blog is going to be about research. Specifically, how I got into it to where I am now. Hopefully, youll start to understand that the road to research is not as straight as one may imagine it to be. Step 1: Research Workshop Picture this, youre me. Its your second semester at Illinois and everyone is telling you that you need to be doing research and blah blah blah. Youre panicking. You have no idea how to get involved in research, you dont know what research is, and you have no clue if its even something you want to do. You check your student email and find out there is a How to get started in research workshop at the union next week. What are you going to do? Go, of course! Okay, so were at this workshop and a researcher, who you later find out does big deal research on campus, is presenting. They offer you advice on how to reach out to labs who you might be interested in. You get sample emails to send potential labs. You leave feeling a bit relieved. Youre still not sure about what you want to do, but it leaves you motivated. Step 2: IB 299 Introduction to Research Flash forward to April and youre registering for classes for the following year. You get yet another email (BIG HINT: READ THE EMAILS!) about a class thats an intro to research and pairs you up with a lab on campus. You register ASAP! Side Note Before I continue, I want to clear the air about any and every rumor you may have heard about getting involved with research. When I was a freshman, everyone told me that labs only wanted upperclassmen because they had the experience through their classes. I want yall to know that although yes, some labs do prefer upperclassmen, other labs prefer sophomores and freshman! Believe it or not, some researchers will put in the time to train you so that you can work with them until your senior year. Youre not required to, but it allows for you to really get integrated into a lab and grow. Alright so youre in IB299, in this class, the sole purpose is to give you an opportunity to get involved in research and understand the process behind it. A ton of researchers from Illinois come into the class and present on their research. The big bonus of this class is that you get to choose whose lab you want to join. When I was taking the class, one particular researcher really caught my attention. A graduate student presented on their work on pollen and brought in 3D models of pollen. I thought the 3D models were cool, and I really identified with Ingrid. She was also a Latina woman in biology, and if were being honest, you rarely see that in science. I was so excited to see that I was represented in my own school. I signed up to work with her in the Punyasenya Lab. Ingrids thesis was focused on comparing the current climate with that of the Pliocene Era. She was using pollen to compare the carbon isotopes. While in Columbia, she collected rocks with preserved vegetation. Other lab assistants and I would break the rocks and very carefully search for old (thousands of years old) leaves or wood within the rocks. In addition, she had us filter rocks to find the perfect size of specimen. Overall, most of the lab work involved listening to podcasts and playing with some cool rocks. I loved my experience working for Ingrid. She has been a phenomenal mentor and taught me so much more about research and application processes than anyone else. While writing this, I am reminded that I should email her soon. I really value the mentorship that she provided me. I was an assistant for Ingrid for 2 semesters, and through that experience, I was able to branch out and start doing my own research. Step 3: Diving Into Your Own Interest Although I loved working with Ingrid, I realized that lab research was not for me. I enjoyed laughing and listening to podcast with my lab mates, but I wasnt in love with the actual work I was doing. This is okay. It was really hard for me to leave the lab, but it helped me realize that it was something I didnt want to do. I didnt want to give up on research though; I was still looking for other opportunities. In my sophomore year, I took a class named Honduras Water Project. The class was a mix of undergrad and grad students with the goal to design a water system for a rural community of Honduras. Within the class, I was able to travel to Honduras and learn about the existing flaws within international engineering. The class was two semesters, which meant I really got to know my classmates and professors (they all became like best friends). I was assigned to design the hand washing station for the school within the community. This was the school in Honduras for which I was designing a hand washing station for. I loved the kids and they were for sure the hardest part about leaving. By the time the class ended, I was not done with the design, and I worked on it over the summer. Throughout the summer, I met with the professor for the class, Dr. Ann Witmer. I continuously expressed interest in the work she was doing. She asked me to attend her research group meeting so I could get a sense of whether that was something I actually wanted to do. Keep in mind, at this point, I had just decided that I was not going to apply to med school, so I was looking for options. I went to their meetings and fell in love with the work. Dr. Witmer continuously encouraged me to begin my own research project, and so I did! Contextual Engineering To give you all a background of what research group focuses on, I want to give you an example from my own travels with Dr. Witmer. This is a story told to us by a woman in the rural mountains of Guatemala. We were sitting in her home asking about what she envisioned for the water system we were designing. I asked if any other international organizations had come to her community. She told of a politician, from where she could not recall, that came to their community and told them they had a trash issue. He started a project with the community to manage their trash. The politician told families that if they built a large compost bin (as big as an average car), he would exchange the bin for new aluminum roofing for their homes. This is a very low income community where most people do not have electricity, and homes are small and built of homemade adobe bricks. The woman told us that every family jumped on the project. Some families pulled their children out of school and did not take any other jobs that came to devote their time to building a compost bin. After many families were done and went to receive compensation for their work, the politician told them he had run out of money and left their community, leaving them with a compost bin that they didnt want, know how to use, or care for. All the compost bins currently sit at the bottom of a valley, untouched or cared for. The families still need new roofs. This was taken in Guatemala. I was the travel mentor for International Water Project, the same as Honduras Water Project except in Guatemala. The women on the left were our cooks (they taught me how to make tortillas) and the men on the right were our guards. This story broke my heart when I heard it, but it is a reality of many low-income rural communities around the world. International organizations market the completion of extremely successful projects that changed the lives of many poor people. Unfortunately, success is currently being defined by the international organizations as opposed to the people, families, and communities that these projects are truly meant to serve. This is what Contextual Engineering is all about. It aims to build the bridge between sociology and engineering to create place-based designs and critical thinking. My research is specifically focused on finding the voice and opinions of these rural communities and illustrating the value that they have in projects. Research group has grown so much since the 3 semesters I have been a part of it. Everyone is working on their own project that encompasses some branch of Contextual Engineering. Currently, I am writing the outline to my literature review that I hope to publish by the end of second semester. I cannot express how much this has changed the trajectory of my life. I have been able to travel to Honduras, Guatemala, and Sierra Leone within the past two years with Dr. Witmer to experience and hear these stories firsthand. I have made countless friends internationally and within research group. I came to college knowing I wanted to help people, and I figured out how I was going to do it. The roads to get to the rural communities and within big cities in Sierra Leone After a long day of interviews, I finally was able to eat some dinner back at the hotel. Bo, Sierra Leone Make it your own I cannot encourage you all to try some sort of research at least once at your time here at Illinois, or wherever life takes you. You may find a passion for it that you didnt know existed before. Or you may realize that its not for you. Whatever you learn, you want to give yourself the experience. Dont let the myths you have heard around campus or other students discourage you from just checking it out. That is all for this one, friends. Feel free to comment and let me know if you have any further questions about research or my work. I hope to hear from some of you soon. Happy fall, JN research Julissa Class of 2020 I am majoring in Integrative Biology within the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I am from Lemont, a small southwest suburb of Chicago. If you want to read about the daily life of a student on campus and get some tips and tricks in the trade, my post are for you!

A Guide to Vertebrates and Invertebrates

Animal classification is a matter of sorting out similarities and differences, of placing animals in groups and then breaking those groups apart into subgroups. The whole endeavor creates a structure—a hierarchy in which the large high-level groups sort out bold and obvious differences, while the low-level groups tease apart subtle, almost imperceptible, variations. This sorting process enables scientists to describe evolutionary relationships, identify shared traits, and highlight unique characteristics down through the various levels of animal groups and subgroups. Among the most basic criteria by which animals are sorted is whether or not they possess a backbone. This single trait places an animal into one of just two groups: the vertebrates or the invertebrates and represents a fundamental division among all animals alive today as well as those that have long ago disappeared. If we are to know anything about an animal, we should first aim to determine whether it is an invertebrate or a vertebrate. Well then be on our way to understanding its place within the animal world. What are Vertebrates? Vertebrates (Subphylum Vertebrata) are animals that possess an internal skeleton (endoskeleton) that includes a backbone made up of a column of vertebrae (Keeton, 1986:1150). The Subphylum Vertebrata is a group within the Phylum Chordata (commonly called the chordates) and as such inherits the characteristics of all chordates: bilateral symmetrybody segmentationendoskeleton (bony or cartilaginous)pharyngeal pouches (present during some stage of development)complete digestive systemventral heartclosed blood systemtail (at some stage of development) In addition to the traits listed above, vertebrates possess one additional trait that makes them unique among chordates: the presence of a backbone. There are a few groups of chordates that do not possess a backbone (these organisms are not vertebrates and are instead referred to as invertebrate chordates). The animal classes that are vertebrates include: Jawless fish (Class Agnatha)Armored fish (Class Placodermi) - extinctCartilaginous fish (Class Chondrichthyes)Bony fish (Class Osteichthyes)Amphibians (Class Amphibia)Reptiles (Class Reptilia)Birds (Class Aves)Mammals (Class Mammalia) What are Invertebrates? Invertebrates are a broad collection of animal groups (they do not belong to a single subphylum like the vertebrates) all of which lack a backbone. Some (not all) of the animal groups that are invertebrates include: Sponges (Phylum Porifera)Jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones, corals (Phylum Cnidaria)Comb jellies (Phylum Ctenophora)Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)Mollusks (Phylum Mollusca)Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)Segmented worms (Phylum Annelida)Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata) In total, there are at least 30 groups of invertebrates that scientists have identified to date. A vast proportion, 97 percent, of animal species alive today are invertebrates. The earliest of all animals to have evolved were invertebrates and the various forms that have developed during their long evolutionary past is highly diverse. All invertebrates are ectotherms, that is they do not produce their own body heat but instead acquire it from their environment.

Essay about Gang Violence Problem on the Rise - 1896 Words

What ever happened to kids wanting saying they wanted to be a police officer, fireman, doctor or teacher when they grow up? Does anyone ever say, when I grow up I want to be in a gang? According to the National Gang Threat Assessment there are over one million gang members in California and over forty percent are under the age of eighteen. Just in Fresno alone there are over twelve thousand gang members and over 500 gangs (Overend). Gang violence is a growing problem and if we don’t try to control it now it will be a bigger problem in the future. According to the National Gang History, gangs started out in India in the year 1200 AD when a group of criminals used to roam the town committing burglaries and crimes.†¦show more content†¦(Overend) â€Å"Out of the one million gang members about 400,000 are teens, 90%-94% are male.† (Gang Statistics) When conducting a survey on gang violence I asked fifty people, â€Å"What are the top five gangs here in Fresno?† and the top five were Bulldogs, Surenos, Crips, Bloods, and Asian Boyz. The most known gang in Fresno are the Bulldogs. (Rosas) They represent themselves not so much by color but by the Fresno State Bulldog symbol. The Bulldog gang is the biggest gang here in Fresno with over 4,000 members. (Gang Statistics) Most Bulldog gang members usually have dog paws tattooed or many will get the whole dog face tatted on them. Bulldogs do not have any specific number or color to represent them, but Fresno State apparel is usually red, blue, black, or white. Sur enos are another popular gang in Fresno, most surenos are Mexican, Hispanic, or Latino. Their color to wear or represent is blue, therefore they will carry a blue rag with them most of the time. Tatoos they usually have are â€Å"south side†, the number 13, three dots (each dot stand for one word in â€Å"mi vida loca†), and when they have killed someone they will have a tear drop tattooed on the side of their eye. They will also use a rosary around there neck to show respect for god, but it is also something that represents the sureno gang in general. Bloods were originally known as the Piru gang. (Walker) The name Piru came from Piru Street in Compton, CaliforniaShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Gang Violence1075 Words   |  4 Pagesones being murdered by violent street gang members. These victims often had nothing to do with the gangs or gang members that killed them. A street gang is a group of people who commonly involve themselves in heinous crimes such as murd er, assault, drug dealing, robbery, and car theft. These gangs are present all over the nation and are starting to spread to other countries. It is imperative for the United States government to put a stop to gangs and gang violence. Ed Gottesman and Richard Brown agreeRead MoreThe War On Drugs Has Been All Over The World1726 Words   |  7 Pagesregion to region. When you really think about it each and every place at one point in time has had the trouble of facing the many negatives that come along with drugs such as people becoming addicts, violence, and crime in general, drug lords, and a plethora of other problems. Handling these problems before they get out of hand are relatively important, because if not handled right the country, region, state, or local municipality could collapse at any given time. Mexico, who has been handlingRead MoreChicago Gangs and History Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesChicago Gangs, Then and Now with Solutions Nick Crot Marist High School Abstract This paper deals with gang violence in the city of Chicago since the beginning of time. It takes a deep look into the history of Chicago gangs and how they interact today. Also the past problems the City of Chicago made when dealing with gangs and the problems that gangs today have and how Chicago has the worst gang problem in the country. Also how gangs have turned themselves into big, and lucrative enterprisesRead MoreEssay about Rise in Prison Gangs in Canada988 Words   |  4 PagesRise in Prison Gangs Fueling Violence, Drug Trade – Canada – CBC News The article presented on this paper reveals the problem of gangs and gang related violence in our nation’s institutions. Corrections Canada has seen a 44 per cent jump in gang members in federal prisons in the last five years, to 2,040 in 2012 from 1,421 in 2007, according to the documents obtained under access to information. The correctional service constructed a strategic framework for dealing with gangs in 2006, and implementedRead MoreThe Problem Of Gang Violence1356 Words   |  6 PagesGang violence has grown to be a great problem in El Salvador in the last 30 years. Gangs have grown into large, complex organized crime units; the two largest gangs, MS13 (also known as Mara Salvatrucha 13) and Barrio18 (also known as Calle18), now encompass large parts of Central America. Both gangs rely heavily on local drug-peddling, which drives most of the general gang violence. 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New Religious Movements Religion Free Essays

When studied, compared, and scrutinized, every religion – though said to be basically similar in that all believe and worship a god/gods – is actually different from each other in many respects. Before tackling diversities however, it is better to start with similarities. Many people view all adherents of any religions share at the very least certain commonalities such as historical roots, practices/rituals, and doctrines. We will write a custom essay sample on New Religious Movements Religion or any similar topic only for you Order Now In other words, to be considered religious, one must be a follower of a certain form of ritual/practice prescribed by a founder or guru, a worshiper or believer of a god – whatever or whoever that god might be. When looked at the surface, this might be true. However, looking closely and seeking out the nuances, one can find real diversities. For example, for a Jew and a Muslim, Christianity is a religion represented by Vatican and the pope as its representative. To the eyes of these two, no differences whatsoever are detected between a devout Roman Catholic and a Protestant and a Mormon. Of course when investigated, marked differences come to the surface and the initial seemingly unified similarities are gone. Actually, differences are underscored every time there occurs along the way a deviation from the fundamentals of any religion. In the history of Christianity alone, schisms are either a deviation or a return to its roots (Adherents.com, 2007). Effects of Religious Pluralism Post your response to this question: What effect do you think religious pluralism and the interfaith movement will have on the future of organized religion? Explain your answer. Religious pluralism and interfaith movement are recently advocated by proponents from different religions with certain political aims. For instance, during Holy Week in 1971, there were many demonstrations conducted by different religious groups to voice their antiwar protests. Professor Robert McAfee Brown of Stanford University was among those arrested for blocking the way to a draft board office in Berkeley, California. He said he chose to preach his sermon â€Å"not in a church but on a pavement, not with words but with a deed† (Microsoft Encarta, 2007). Though there are certain benefits to it in terms of rights, there are also disadvantages and innumerable damages that may have paved the way for further confusion in the future. In what ways has learning about world religions influenced the way you think about religion? Why is it important to learn about other peoples’ beliefs and attitudes? How will you utilize this information in the future? Knowledge of World religions Knowledge of the different religions of the world and their adherents’ beliefs and practices is necessary for a better understanding of different peoples and cultures. Religious tolerance means differently when taken in the light of this endeavor. The ability to understand world religions and appreciate people because of their different persuasions and beliefs mean a more empathic and compassionate stance towards any group, ethnic or religious assemblage. Those who differ from us will not be seen as enemies, which oftentimes have become a common experience (Adherents.com, 2007). Reference: ________ Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents, 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2008 http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html ________ Microsoft Encarta. 2007. How to cite New Religious Movements Religion, Essay examples

You Decide free essay sample

Memo summarizing various tax issues 1. John Smiths tax issues: Issue a) How is the $300,000 treated for purposes of federal tax income? John Smith’s earned income of $300,000 will reported as gross income either on Schedule c of the individual return or as gross income on the LLC return. As a result of the variance in the state laws as to whether or not a single person LLC can report on a business return is the reasons why it could be either reported on the Schedule C or LLC. Some states that do not allow the separate reporting see the LLC as meaning not to be reported separately from the individual. Issue b) How is the $25,000 treated for purposes of federal tax income? The advancement of $25,000 for expenses would have been listed as a client advance two years ago on the balance sheet. It would not have been reported as a deductible expense following the matching principle. We will write a custom essay sample on You Decide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the $25,000 is reimbursed in the current year, the revenue subtracted by the expense should equal zero and there would be no net income to report as being taxable. Issue c) What is your determination regarding reducing the taxable amount of income for both (a) and (b) above? There are a few ways John Smith can minimize the tax being assessed. John Smith could possibly invest the $300,000 to produce a taxable loss by the year end. Investing in rental real estate could be direct or partnership. John Smith could also pay most or all of his current expenses, which later can be directly written off using Section 179. Another way John Smith can reduce his taxable amount of income is to make us of the LLC and report it s a S Corporation where the wages paid to the shareholder may be less than the $300,000. This type of legal ploy can save a partial bit of the social security taxes which is an additional 15. 3%. There will be regular income tax on this as well. Issue d) Do I get better tax benefits for paying the lease on office space or for buying the building? What are the differences? Before filing a separate return, there are times where separate f iling can reduce the amount of tax paid in total. For example the capital gain rate can be less in separate returns or income may be low, but the individual may have high medical expenses. Tax programs are designed to test this theory when all the income and expenses items are labeled to each person. 2. Jane Smith tax issues: Issue a) What are the different tax consequences between paying down the mortgage (debt) and assuming a new mortgage (debt) for federal income tax purposes? The difference between paying down the mortgage and assuming a new mortgage for federal income tax purposes is the amount of deductible mortgage interest paid during a year. Since both are considered a deductible and both are the same kind of debt, the calculation would be the amount of interest multiplies by the tax rate of the taxpayers. Mortgage interest has a limit of $1,000,000 of deduction. Issue b) Can John and Jane Smith utilize a 1031 tax exchange to buy a more expensive house using additional money from Johns case? No, John and Jane Smith cannot utilize a 1031 tax exchange to buy more expensive house using additional money from John’s case because Section 1031 exchanges are used for business assets, not personal residences. Using the money for a new house would not have been taxable event, but it will have been taxed at the source. The gain on personal residences is nontaxable nder Section 121, but there are limitations as well. Issue c) Does Jane has a business or hobby? Why is this distinction important? Jane has a business, not a hobby. The distinction is important because it relates to business losses. If the small business should suffer a loss, Section 183 classifies it as a hobby. Hobby loss is not deductible and business income is taxable. Issue d) Would Jane (and John) realize better tax benefi ts if she had a separate business for her jewelry-making activities? Jane should have a separate business for her jewelry, but it doesn’t necessarily mean â€Å"separate†. She can use Schedule C that is part of the Form 1040 in joint filing. Separate can also mean LLC which does report separately. Tax on the income will be part of their joint return, whether using a Schedule C or LLC. Issue e) What tax benefits would John realize if he invested $15,000 in Janes jewelry making? Looking at John’s income, there would be no tax benefits. Jane, however there is. Using the $15,000 for purchasing equipment could produce tax benefits that would become part of their joint return. John would benefit indirectly from his investment in Jane’s business, but Jane would have to use the fund for deductible purposes. If the funds were to just stay in the bank account, no benefit would come from that. Issue f) Can Jane depreciates her vehicle or jewelry-making equipment? How? Jane can depreciate her vehicle by declaring the depreciation and auto expense to the extent of the business use based on the mileage. Jane could keep a record of her miles use for her business and use the standard mileage rate. The equipment can be depreciated under Section179. This allows for a full write off in a year of acquisition. Another way the equipment can be depreciated is using the MACRS depreciation. This allows a systematic write off of equipment based on the type of assets. 3. John and Jane Smith tax issue: Issue a) Should John and Jane file separate or joint tax returns? No, John and Jane should not file separately. They should file a joint tax return because of the high income of the attorney and the additional income from business. Both of them will have to pay self employment taxes. .